A-Level考试----语法中的定语从句学习常见误区

2019-04-02549次浏览

　　很多同学在学习A-Level考试中的定语从句就头疼，因为这中间的定语从句类型太多，数量多就会复杂起来，今天小编就为求助的同学们讲解A-Level备考中定语从句常见的误区。

　　一、误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人

　　whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：

　　It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。

　　The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。

A-Level考试----语法中的定语从句学习常见误区

　　二、混淆A-Level考试中的定语从句与并列句

　　请看下面两题：

　　1. He has two children, and both of _________ are abroad.

　　A. them B. which C. whom D. who

　　2. He has two children, both of _________ are abroad.

　　A. them B. which C. whom D. who

　　第1题选A，第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第2题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性A-Level考试中的定语从句。另外，请比较下面一题：

　　He has two children, both of _________ being abroad.

　　A. them B. which C. whom D. who

　　此题答案为A，其中的both of them being abroad为独立主格结构，用作状语。

　　请再看一组类似的例子：

　　1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　第1应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第2应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。比较下面一例：

　　He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

　　A. it B. them C. which D. that

　　此题与上面的第2题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。

　　三、混淆关系代词与关系副词

　　有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在A-Level考试中的定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：

　　This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)

　　This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)

　　The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在A-Level考试中的定语从句中用作状语)

　　The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在A-Level考试中的定语从句中用作其宾语)

　　比较下面的考题：

　　1. This is the room _________I lived ten years ago.